SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS

The soil-transmitted helminths are among the most typical infections globally, with an estimated 1 billion infected individuals or 25% of the world’s population. With the largest concentration recorded in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, China, and Asia, these illnesses afflict the poorest and most underprivileged communities in tropical and subtropical settings, with limited access to clean water, nutrition, and hygiene.

They are spread via eggs found in human feces, which then pollute the soil in unsanitary locations. In places where these parasites are extensively transmitted, there are about a million preschoolers, school-age kids, adolescent females, and pregnant and nursing women who need treatment and preventive measures.

SYMPTOMS

Individuals who have light infections (few worms) typically don’t experience any symptoms. A variety of symptoms, including intestinal signs, can be brought on by more severe infections.

  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness
  • Malnutrition
  • Impaired growth
  • General malaise
  • Physical development

Very severe infections can result in an intestinal blockage that requires surgical treatment.

S. stercoralis is known to be linked to chronic malnutrition in kids and has been linked to dermatological and gastrointestinal problems. The hyperinfection condition, which the parasite can induce in cases of lowered host immunity, is always lethal if not promptly and appropriately treated and frequently proves fatal in spite of treatment.

DIAGNOSIS

Traditionally, the presence of helminthic eggs, larvae, or occasionally adult worms or their segments is used to identify the soil-transmitted helminths from fecal or other GI specimens. For the purpose of finding parasites, many samples collected over a period of ten days are necessary due to the irregular shedding of eggs or larvae. Within one hour after being collected, a fresh fecal specimen roughly the size of a big teaspoon or about 10 ml of liquid stool sample should arrive at the laboratory.

TREATMENT

There are recommended medications for treating soil-transmitted helminths. Albendazole and mebendazole, the medications that the WHO recommends, are efficient, reasonably priced, and simple for non-medical persons to use. With only a few mild adverse effects, they have undergone thorough safety testing and have been used by millions of individuals.

Through the WHO, mebendazole and albendazole are given to national ministries of health in all endemic nations for the treatment of all school-age children.

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