ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

TYPES

There are several types of acute glomerulonephritis, including:

• Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
• IgA Nephropathy
• Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
• Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include:

• Hematuria
• Proteinuria
• Edema
• Hypertension
• Decreased Urine Output
• Fatigue

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Urinalysis: Analysis of a urine sample to detect abnormalities such as hematuria, proteinuria, and urinary sediment.
• Blood Tests: Measurement of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolyte levels to assess kidney function.
• Kidney Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of kidney tissue for microscopic examination to determine the underlying cause and extent of kidney damage.
• Imaging Studies: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan may be performed to evaluate the size and structure of the kidneys.

TREATMENT

Treatment of acute glomerulonephritis aims to relieve symptoms, manage complications, and address the underlying cause. Depending on the severity of the condition and the specific type of AGN, treatment may include:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotic therapy may be prescribed for the treatment of underlying infections, particularly in cases of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.
• Immunosuppressive Therapy: Immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants may be used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response in certain types of AGN.
• Blood Pressure Control: Medications to lower blood pressure, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may be prescribed to help protect the kidneys and reduce proteinuria.
• Diuretics: Diuretic medications may be used to help remove excess fluid and reduce edema.
• Dietary Modifications: Dietary restrictions may be recommended to limit sodium, protein, and potassium intake, depending on the individual’s kidney function and electrolyte levels.

In some cases, acute glomerulonephritis may resolve spontaneously with supportive care and monitoring. However, close medical supervision is essential to prevent complications and monitor kidney function over time. In severe or chronic cases, treatment may also include measures to manage complications such as fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and kidney failure.