SPHINGOMYELINASE DEFICIENCY

Sphingomyelinase deficiency is a rare genetic disease that affects the ability of the body to digest fats inside cells. These cells begin to malfunction and eventually perish. Sphingomyelinase deficiency may damage the brain, nerves, spleen, bone marrow, liver and, in severe instances, the lungs.

People with this disorder have symptoms due to the progressive loss of nerve, brain, as well as other organ functions. People who are missing the sphingomyelinase enzyme have a condition that affects everyone; however, it is more prevalent in youngsters. The condition has no permanent treatment and can be lethal in some cases. The objective of therapy is to help people cope.

TYPES

Sphingomyelinase deficiency may be divided into two categories:

  • Types A and B. A missing or defective enzyme causes Types A and B. This interferes with the body’s capacity to digest fats, causing fat to build up in cells.

  • Type C. This is a genetic condition that affects a small number of people. This sort of genetic mutation causes cholesterol and other lipids to build up in the liver, spleen, and lungs.

SYMPTOMS

The most common signs and symptoms of Sphingomyelinase deficiency to look out for include:

  • Recurrent pneumonia
  • Difficulty swallowing and eating
  • Clumsiness and difficulty walking
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Excessive muscle contractions or eye movements

Types A, B, and C are the three primary types of sphingomyelinase deficiency. Your signs and symptoms will vary according to the type and degree of your illness. 

DIAGNOSIS

A comprehensive health assessment, which can reveal an early warning indication along with an enlarging liver or spleen, is used to diagnose sphingomyelinase deficiency. In addition, your doctor will take a thorough medical evaluation and discuss your symptoms as well as your family’s medical history. Moreover, the type of sphingomyelinase deficiency determines the diagnostic procedures used. These tests include:

  • Genetic testing
  • Prenatal testing
  • MRI
  • Eye exam
  • Biopsy

TREATMENT

Sphingomyelinase deficiency has no known cure. People with type A or B diabetes have no viable treatment options. A medicine named miglustat could be a possibility for someone with mild to severe type C.

Furthermore, physical therapy is just a crucial element of the treatment process to help you keep your mobility for as long as feasible. Since the condition evolves and symptoms increase, persons with the disease should see their doctors regularly.

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