RIFABUTIN

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Mycobutin

GENERIC NAME(S): RIFABUTIN

 

Description: Rifabutin is an antibacterial that prevents the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Readily but incompletely absorbed from the GI tract. Food may delay absorption. Time to peak plasma concentration: 2-4 hr.

Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues and fluids. Volume of distribution: 9.32 L/kg. Plasma protein binding: Approx 70%.

Metabolism: Undergoes rapid hepatic metabolism by CYP3A4 isoenzyme to active 25-O-deacetyl and 31-hydroxy metabolites.

Excretion: Via urine (approx 53%, mainly as metabolites) and faeces (approx 30%). Mean half-life: Approx 40 hr.

This medication is used alone or with another medication to help prevent a certain serious infection (Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC).

This antibiotic treats and prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.

OTHER USES:

This drug may also be used with other medications to treat active MAC infection and to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infection. It may also be used alone or with another medication to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test).

How to use rifabutin

Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually once or twice daily or as directed by your doctor. Take this medication with food if stomach upset occurs. For the treatment of tuberculosis, this drug is sometimes taken twice weekly.

If needed, the contents of the capsule may be mixed with foods like applesauce. Take the mixture right away. Do not store for future use.

Dosage is based on your medical condition, weight, interacting drugs, and response to treatment.

Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, take it at the same time(s) each day.

Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear. Stopping the medication too early or skipping doses may allow the bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection and cause the infection to be more difficult to treat (resistant).

Do not wear contact lenses while you are taking rifabutin. Sterilize contact lenses according to manufacturer’s directions and check with your doctor before using them.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Not available.

Diarrhea, stomach upset, changes in taste, or nausea/vomiting may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

This medication may cause urine, sweat, saliva, or tears to turn brown-orange. This effect is harmless and will disappear when the medication is stopped. However, dentures and contact lenses may be permanently stained.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but serious side effects occur:

  • easy bleeding/bruising,
  • signs of a new infection (such as fever, persistent sore throat/cough),
  • muscle weakness/pain,
  • joint pain/swelling,
  • eye pain/redness,
  • vision problems,
  • chest pain/pressure,
  • persistent nausea/vomiting,
  • unusual weakness/tiredness,
  • dark urine,
  • yellowing eyes/skin.

This medication may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea) due to a type of resistant bacteria. This condition may occur during treatment or weeks to months after treatment has stopped. Do not use anti-diarrhea products or narcotic pain medications if you have any of the following symptoms because these products may make them worse. Tell your doctor immediately if you develop: persistent diarrhea, abdominal or stomach pain/cramping, blood/mucus in your stool.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions:

Before taking rifabutin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other rifamycins (such as rifampin); or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease, liver disease, a certain blood disorder (porphyria).

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

Rifabutin may cause live bacterial vaccines (such as typhoid vaccine) not to work as well. Therefore, do not have any immunizations/vaccinations while using this medication without the consent of your doctor.

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

It is unknown if this medication passes into breast milk. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor before breast-feeding. If you have HIV disease, do not breast-feed because breast milk can transmit HIV.

Overdose:

If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Notes

Do not share this medication with others.

Laboratory and/or medical tests (such as liver function, complete blood count) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at room temperature at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Brief storage between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) is permitted. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

Brands:

Available Brands

  • Mycobutin

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