OSTEOCHONDROMA

TYPES

There are two main types of osteochondroma:

• Sessile Osteochondroma: This type involves a broad base of attachment to the bone.
• Pedunculated Osteochondroma: This type is characterized by a stalk-like protrusion from the bone. Both types are typically benign and do not metastasize to other parts of the body.

SYMPTOMS

An osteochondroma often exhibits no symptoms, especially when they are small. However, as they grow larger, they may cause:

• Swelling or palpable lumps near joints
• Limited range of motion in affected joints
• Pain or discomfort, particularly if the tumor presses on nerves or adjacent tissues
• Development of a deformity if the tumor affects bone growth

In rare cases, complications such as fractures, nerve compression, or bursa formation around the tumor may occur.

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosing osteochondromas typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies. X-rays are commonly used to visualize the bony growth and assess its characteristics. Additional imaging modalities such as MRI or CT scans may be employed to obtain detailed information about the tumor’s size, location, and its relationship with surrounding tissues. In cases where the diagnosis is uncertain or complications are suspected, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence of osteochondroma and rule out other potential conditions.

TREATMENT

Treatment for osteochondroma depends on various factors including the size, location, symptoms, and potential complications associated with the tumor. In many cases, especially if the tumor is small and asymptomatic, no treatment may be necessary, and regular monitoring with imaging studies may suffice.

However, if osteochondroma causes significant pain, impairs mobility, or poses a risk of complications, treatment options may include:

• Surgical Excision: The surgical removal of the tumor is often recommended for symptomatic or large osteochondromas, particularly if they cause nerve compression, fractures, or significant deformities.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be prescribed to improve joint mobility, strength, and function, especially following surgical intervention.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications may be used to alleviate discomfort associated with osteochondroma.
• Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments and imaging studies may be necessary to monitor the growth and progression of the tumor, particularly in cases where surgical intervention is not immediately required.