LINEZOLID

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Zyvox

GENERIC NAME(S): LINEZOLID

 

Description: Linezolid is a bacteriostatic oxazolidinone against gram positive bacteria which acts by inhibiting ribosomal protein synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Rapidly and extensively absorbed after oral admin. Absolute bioavailability: Approx 100%. Time to peak plasma concentration: 1-2 hr but reduced when administered w/ high-fat meal.

Distribution: Readily distributed into well-perfused tissues; lungs, fats, bone, skin blister fluids, muscle and into the CSF. Volume of distribution: 40-50 L. Plasma protein binding: Approx 31%.

Metabolism: Undergoes hepatic metabolism via oxidation to its 2 inactive metabolites (hydroxyethyl glycine and the aminoethoxyacetic acid metabolite).

Excretion: Via urine (approx 30% as parent drug and approx 50% as metabolites); faeces (approx 9% as metabolites). Elimination half-life: Approx 5-7 hr.

Linezolid is an antibiotic that treats certain serious bacterial infections that have not responded to other antibiotics (resistant infections). It stops the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections.

How to use linezolid

Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually every 12 hours or as directed by your doctor.

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. In children, the dosage may also be based on weight, and they may be directed to take this medication every 8 hours.

Linezolid is related to a group of drugs called MAO inhibitors. Certain foods interact with MAO inhibitors, causing severe headache and increased blood pressure. This could lead to a medical emergency. Therefore, it is important to avoid or limit intake of these foods to reduce your risk of these serious problems. (See Drug Interactions section).

Antibiotics work best when the amount of medicine in your body is kept at a constant level. Therefore, take this drug at evenly spaced intervals. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.

Continue to take this medication until the full prescribed amount is finished, even if symptoms disappear after a few days. Stopping the medication too early may allow bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a relapse of the infection.

Inform your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

Notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly if any of these effects persist or worsen:

  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Dizziness
  • trouble sleeping
  • constipation

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur:

  • deep/fast breathing
  • drowsiness
  • mental/mood changes
  • uncontrolled movements
  • tingling
  • numbness of hands/feet

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur:

  • easy bruising/bleeding
  • severe headache
  • vision changes (including loss of vision)
  • persistent sore throat
  • unusual tiredness
  • seizure

This medication may rarely cause a severe intestinal condition (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea) due to a resistant bacteria. Tell your doctor immediately if you develop:

  • persistent diarrhea
  • abdominal or stomach pain/cramping
  • blood/mucus in your stool

Prolonged or repeated use of this medication may result in oral thrush or a new vaginal yeast infection (oral or vaginal fungal infection). Contact your doctor if you notice white patches in your mouth, a change in vaginal discharge or other new symptoms.

This medication may rarely cause a very serious condition called serotonin syndrome/toxicity. Get medical help right away if you develop some of the following symptoms:

  • fast heartbeat
  • hallucinations
  • loss of coordination
  • severe dizziness
  • severe nausea/vomiting/diarrhea
  • twitching muscles
  • unexplained fever
  • unusual agitation/restlessness

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include:

  • rash
  • itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat)
  • severe dizziness
  • trouble breathing

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

  • Allergic reaction to this medication
  • Patients with medical history of:
    • high blood pressure
    • blood disorders (e.g., low blood counts)
    • certain tumor or related conditions (e.g., pheochromocytoma, carcinoid syndrome)
    • untreated overactive thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism)
    • seizure
  • This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy
  • may lower your blood sugar levels
  • Tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products) before having surgery
  • elderly people may be at a greater risk for side effects while using this drug.
  • This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy.
  • Consult your doctor before breast-feeding

Consult your doctor regarding the precautions mentioned above.

 

Interactions:

This drug should not be used with the following medications because very serious interactions may occur:

  • Apraclonidine
  • Atomoxetine
  • Bethanidine
  • Bupropion
  • Buspirone
  • Carbamazepine
  • Cyclobenzaprine
  • Dextromethorphan
  • certain antihistamines (azatadine, carbetapentane, chlorpheniramine)
  • herbal products (e.g., ephedra/ma huang)
  • maprotiline
  • methyldopa
  • certain narcotic pain relievers (fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, tapentadol)
  • papaverine
  • drugs for Parkinson’s disease (such as entacapone, tolcapone)
  • sympathomimetics (e.g., ephedrine, methylphenidate)
  • tetrabenazine
  • tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline, doxepin)

Taking other MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug interaction. Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before and after treatment with this medication. Ask your doctor when to start or stop taking this medication.

If you are currently using linezolid, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

The risk of serotonin syndrome/toxicity increases if you are also taking other drugs that increase serotonin. Examples include street drugs such as:

  • MDMA/”ecstasy”
  • John’s wort
  • certain antidepressants
  • tramadol
  • “triptans” used to treat migraine headaches (such as eletriptan, sumatriptan)
  • tryptophan

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of:

  • Bethanidine
  • Indoramin
  • Levodopa
  • Rifampin
  • other drugs which depress the bone marrow (e.g., cancer chemotherapy)
  • other herbals (such as ginseng)

Avoid products that could increase your heart rate or blood pressure while taking this medication.Tell your doctor or pharmacist immediately if you notice symptoms of severe high blood pressure.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Notes

Do not share this medication with others.This medication has been prescribed for your current condition only. Do not use it later for another infection unless told to do so by your doctor. A different medication may be necessary in those cases.

Your doctor may order eye tests if you are taking this medication for more than 3 months or if you have any vision changes or problems. Keep all medical appointments.

Laboratory and/or medical tests (e.g., CBC, platelets) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects. Consult your doctor for more details.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

Storage

Store at room temperature at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C) away from light and moisture. Brief storage between 59-86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) is permitted. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.

 

Brands:

Available Brands:

Zyvox [ Pfizer ]

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