KYPHOSCOLIOSIS

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of kyphoscoliosis can vary depending on the severity of the spinal curvature and the underlying cause but may include:

• Visible Deformity: Forward rounding of the upper back (kyphosis) and lateral curvature of the spine (scoliosis) may be noticeable, particularly during standing or bending.
• Back Pain: Chronic back pain, stiffness, or discomfort, especially in the thoracic or lumbar spine regions, may occur due to abnormal spinal alignment and muscle strain.
• Respiratory Symptoms: Severe kyphoscoliosis can compress the chest cavity and restrict lung expansion, leading to shortness of breath, reduced exercise tolerance, and respiratory insufficiency.
• Neurological Symptoms: In some cases, spinal cord compression or nerve root impingement can cause neurological symptoms such as numbness, weakness, or changes in bowel or bladder function.

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosing kyphoscoliosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, physical examination, and imaging studies. Diagnostic steps may include:

• Physical Examination: Assessment of spinal curvature, range of motion, muscle strength, and neurological function to evaluate the severity and impact of kyphoscoliosis on physical health.
• X-rays: X-ray imaging of the spine in standing or sitting positions can provide detailed information about the degree and pattern of spinal curvature, as well as any associated vertebral abnormalities.
• CT Scan or MRI: Advanced imaging modalities may be used to assess for spinal cord compression, structural abnormalities, or soft tissue changes associated with kyphoscoliosis.

TREATMENT

Treatment of kyphoscoliosis aims to alleviate symptoms, prevent progression, and improve overall quality of life. Treatment options may include:

• Bracing: Custom orthotic devices or braces may be prescribed for growing children with mild to moderate kyphoscoliosis to help correct spinal curvature and prevent further progression.
• Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises and physical therapy techniques can help improve spinal flexibility, strengthen supportive muscles, and promote postural alignment.
• Pain Management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or other analgesic medications may be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort associated with kyphoscoliosis.
• Surgical Intervention: Severe or progressive kyphoscoliosis that does not respond to conservative measures may require surgical correction, such as spinal fusion, osteotomy, or vertebral instrumentation, to stabilize the spine and improve spinal alignment.