DIAGNOSIS
Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed in several stages:
Stage 1: Normal or high glomerular filtration rate (GFR > 90 mL/min)
Stage 2: Mild CKD (GFR = 60-89 mL/min)
Stage 3A: Moderate CKD (GFR = 45-59 mL/min)
Stage 3B: Moderate CKD (GFR = 30-44 mL/min)
Stage 4: Severe CKD (GFR = 15-29 mL/min)
Stage 5: End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)
The measurement of microalbuminuria (small amount of protein) must be done annually in patients with diabetes. It can help detect its early symptoms.
TREATMENT
Chronic diseases have no cure as for now. But to control its signs and symptoms, one may use therapies, complication reduction methods, and ways that lessen the progression of the disease.
These are the following treatments:
Anemia
Hemoglobin is the pigment in red blood cells that delivers oxygen throughout the body. The patient is suffering from anemia if hemoglobin is very low. Blood transfusions are required in patients with kidney diseases. Iron supplements are taken by kidney disease patients in the form of injections or ferrous sulfate tablets.
Phosphate balance
Phosphate elimination is hard for people with kidney diseases. Phosphate may be reduced, which also suggests that they should lessen dairy product consumption.
High blood pressure
One of the common problems among patients with CKD is high blood pressure. The lesser the blood pressure, the better the kidney is protected and lowers the progression of the disease.
Itchiness of skin
Antihistamines, like chlorphenamine, may be good in easing itching.
Medications
Kidneys that malfunction can cause toxins to build up and diseases may occur
Treatment in End Stage
Serious complications may get triggered and may lead to higher risks.
Kidney dialysis
If the kidney is not functioning properly, waste products and excess fluids are removed from the blood through a process called kidney dialysis. It has two types.
Hemodialysis is a process where all of the pumped blood goes to the dialyzer (an artificial kidney). It lasts for 3 hours.
Peritoneal dialysis is done through the abdomen of the patient where the blood is filtered through a network of tiny blood vessels inside the peritoneal cavity. This is done to remove waste and excess fluid while draining out fluid.
Kidney transplant
For patients with no issues or any other conditions like kidney failure, kidney transplant is a better option. Dialysis is often required until a kidney transplant.
Diet
Kidney failure treatment requires a proper diet. It may be helpful to lessen the amount of protein in your diet.
Vitamin D
Kidney disease patients tend to have low vitamin D levels, which is essential to have healthy and strong bones. CKD patients must have vitamin D.
Fluid retention
It is necessary for people with chronic kidney diseases to control the amount of fluids taken. Too many fluids can harm the body while too little can also damage the kidneys.
