HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Microzide

GENERIC NAME(S): HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

 

Description: Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits the reabsorption of Na in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of Na and water including K and hydrogen ions.
Onset: Approx 2 hr.
Duration: 6-12 hr.
Pharmacokinetics: 
Absorption: Fairly rapid absorption from the GI tract. Food decreases rate and extent of absorption. Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 4 hr. Bioavailability: Approx 65-70%.
Distribution: Crosses the placenta and distributed in breast milk. Volume of distribution: 3.6-7.8 L/kg. Plasma protein binding: Approx 40-68%.
Metabolism: Not metabolised.
Excretion: Via urine as unchanged drug. Plasma half-life: Approx 5-15 hr.

This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide is a “water pill” (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine which helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. It also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.

 

How to use hydrochlorothiazide

Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually once daily in the morning with or without food. It is best to avoid taking this medication within 4 hours of your bedtime to prevent having to get up to urinate.

 

The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment.

 

Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same time each day. It is important to continue taking this medication even if you feel well. Most people with high blood pressure do not feel sick.

 

Cholestyramine and colestipol can decrease the absorption of hydrochlorothiazide. If you are taking either of these drugs, take them at least 4 hours before or after taking hydrochlorothiazide.

 

Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens (for example, your blood pressure readings increase).

Upset stomach, dizziness, or headache may occur as your body adjusts to the medication. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

 

To reduce the risk of dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.

 

Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: decrease in vision, eye pain.

 

This medication may cause a serious loss of body water (dehydration) and salt/minerals. Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur:

 

  • muscle cramps/weakness
  • slow/fast/irregular heartbeat
  • unusual decreased urination
  • unusual dry mouth/thirst

 

 

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including:

 

  • rash
  • itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat)
  • severe dizziness
  • trouble breathing

 

 

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Before taking hydrochlorothiazide, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies.

 

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: diabetes, gout, kidney disease, liver disease, lupus.

 

This drug may make you dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Limit alcoholic beverages.

 

Report prolonged diarrhea or vomiting to your doctor and drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

 

If you have diabetes, hydrochlorothiazide may affect your blood sugar levels. Check your blood sugar levels regularly as directed by your doctor. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication, exercise program, or diet.

 

This drug may decrease your potassium levels. Ask your doctor about foods high in potassium (such as bananas, orange juice) or about using a salt substitute containing potassium. A potassium supplement may be prescribed by your doctor.

 

This medication may make you more sensitive to the sun. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.

 

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).

 

Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug, especially dizziness.

 

During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

 

This drug passes into breast milk, but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

Some products that may interact with this drug include: cisapride, dofetilide, lithium.

 

Check the labels on all your medicines (such as cough-and-cold products, diet aids, or NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen) because they may contain ingredients that could increase your blood pressure or worsen swelling (edema). Ask your pharmacist for more details.

 

This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including parathyroid function), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.

If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe dizziness, weakness, fainting.

 

Notes

Do not share this medication with others.

 

Lifestyle changes such as stress reduction programs, exercise, and dietary changes may increase the effectiveness of this medicine.

 

Laboratory and/or medical tests (such as kidney function, potassium levels) should be performed periodically to monitor your progress or check for side effects.

 

Check your blood pressure regularly while taking this medication.

 

 

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

 

Storage

Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets.

 

Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.

 

Brands

 

Available Brands

Diures [ Ashford ] Diuzid [ Hizon ]
Hytaz [ Therapharma ]

 

Also marketed as

Altiazide [ Lloyd ] Cotrazid [ Terramedic ]
Diubiz [ Ashford ] Diuzide [ EuroHealth Care ]
Hydrax [ Lloyd ] Pharex Hydrochlorothiazide [ PPC ]
Urilzid [ Interhealth Care ]

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