EMPTY SELLA SYNDROME

Overview and Facts

In the condition known as empty sella syndrome, the pituitary gland flattens and shrinks. A small gland called the pituitary is found right below the brain. The pituitary stalk connects it to the base of the brain. In a saddle-like bone compartment at the skull base, the pituitary rests securely. This compartment is known as the sella.

On an MRI scan, the pituitary gland can’t be observed when it shrinks or flattens. As a result, the pituitary gland area seems to be “empty sella.” The sella is not, however, completely empty. Cerebrospinal fluid is frequently present inside. The fluid that envelops the brain and spinal cord is called CSF. CSF leaks into the sella turcica in empty sella syndrome, placing pressure on the pituitary. The gland flattens or shrinks as a result of this.

Types and Symptoms

SYMPTOMS

The majority of empty sella syndrome sufferers don’t exhibit any symptoms. Fewer than 1% of those who have it, according to some healthcare providers, experience symptoms or problems as a result of it.

  • High blood pressure
  • Headache
  • Low sex drive
  • Fatigue
  • Infertility
  • Impotence
  • Irregular menstrual periods

Less typical instances include:

  • Blurry vision
  • Nasal leakage of spinal fluid
  • Eye swelling
  • Pressing sensation inside the skull

So, if you experience any of the given symptoms, call your doctor right away.

Diagnosis & Medications

DIAGNOSIS

If you exhibit symptoms, your doctor will talk about your past medical history and may suggest a brain imaging test to determine whether your sella turcica appears to be empty. These scans could consist of the following:

This creates precise images of the interior of your brain using strong magnets and radio waves.

  • CT Scan

Your head will be scanned using X-rays from various angles by your doctor, who will then combine them to create a more thorough image.

TREATMENT

You probably won’t need therapy if your ESS isn’t bothering you or causing you any problems. If you do experience symptoms, your physician may suggest:

  • Medication

Your doctor may prescribe medications to assist in treating any hormonal imbalances caused by your pituitary gland.

  • Surgery

A surgeon might do surgery to stop spinal fluid leakage through the nose.

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