DEVIATED SEPTUM

TYPES

There are seven different classes of a deviated septum, and its basis for classification is the location of the deviated septum.

• Class 1-  characterized by a minimal degree of deviation in both planes
• Class 2- involves the forward and lateral deviation.
• Class 3- lateral and backward deviation
• Class 4- Has the classic S-shaped septum
• Class 5- has the presence of a horizontal spur on one side
• Class 6- All the characteristic of Class 5 with an indentation on the bulging side
• Class 7- All the characteristic of class 2 to class 6

SYMPTOMS

The most common symptom associated with a deviated nasal septum is the difficulty of breathing. This is brought about by the irregularity of the nasal passage, which obstructs the flow of oxygen to the lungs. Listed below are some of the most common presentation associated with this condition:

• Epistaxis
• Frequent headaches or feeling of nasal stuffiness
• Pain on the area of the face surrounding the nose up to the borders of the upper lip
• Noisy breathing during sleeping and sometimes breath comes out as a snorting sound. This is due to the narrowed passageway of air in the nasal cavity
• Nasal secretions that can be tasted in the oral area. Some of the phlegm that accumulates in the nasal passageway sometimes fall into the oral cavity thereby causing an upper respiratory infection secondary to aspiration of nasal contents
• Recurrent upper respiratory  infection involving the sinuses
• The difficulty of breathing especially during episodes of colds and inability to lie flat during nasal congestion

DIAGNOSIS

Direct visualization of the nasal area with the use of a speculum inserted through the holes of the nose.  This procedure may also be done using a flashlight in the absence of a speculum. An ENT specialist is an expert in the diagnosis and management of the deviated septum.

TREATMENT

The most common indication for the surgical repair of the deviated septum is the difficulty of breathing. It is physically unpleasant to look at, but one must wait until the full adult potential of the individual is reached before undergoing such surgery. Upon presentation at the clinic, the clinician may do either of the following:

• Surgical repair of the defect- the cartilaginous portion is removed and reconnected to repair the defect
• Cosmetic surgery in the form of rhinoplasty- in this procedure, the nose is shaped into the desired height, and the deviation is aligned and put into place.