DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER

SYMPTOMS

The hallmark symptoms of depersonalization disorder include:

• Persistent feelings of detachment from oneself, emotions, thoughts, or sensations.
• Feeling as though one is an outside observer of their own thoughts, actions, or body, known as “depersonalization.”
• Sensations of unreality or detachment from the external world, termed “derealization.”
• Emotional numbing or a sense of being disconnected from one’s emotions.
• Distorted perception of time, space, or one’s own body.
• Dissociative amnesia, difficulty recalling personal information or events.

These symptoms may fluctuate in intensity and may be triggered or exacerbated by stress, trauma, or substance use.

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosing depersonalization disorder involves a thorough evaluation by a qualified mental health professional, typically a psychiatrist or psychologist. Diagnostic criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) include:

• Persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both.
• Symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.
• Symptoms are not better explained by another mental health disorder, medical condition, or substance use.

The diagnosis may be based on self-reported experiences, clinical interviews, and standardized assessment tools.

TREATMENT

Treatment of depersonalization disorder aims to alleviate symptoms, improve coping strategies, and address underlying contributing factors. Treatment modalities may include:

• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly a specialized form called depersonalization-focused therapy (DPT), is often recommended as a first-line treatment for depersonalization disorder. DPT focuses on challenging maladaptive beliefs and coping strategies, developing grounding techniques, and addressing trauma or stressors contributing to symptoms.
• Medication: While there are no specific medications approved for depersonalization disorder, certain medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to target comorbid symptoms such as anxiety or depression.
• Self-care strategies: Engaging in stress-reduction techniques, practicing mindfulness or relaxation exercises, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help individuals manage depersonalization symptoms and improve overall well-being.