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DELIRIUM

Overview & Facts

Delirium is a serious problem that affects your mental capacities and results in confusion and diminished awareness. The episode of delirium is typically quick, within hours or a couple of days.

Delirium can be due to at least one or more contributing factors, such as a serious condition, metabolic problems, medicines, infections, surgery, or alcohol or drug intoxication or alcohol/drug withdrawal.

Since symptoms of delirium are similar to dementia, a history obtained from family members may support the diagnosis.

Types & Symptoms

Delirium has the following types:

  • Hyperactive delirium which manifests as agitation
  • Hypoactive delirium which manifests as slowed, catatonic movements
  • Mixed, which is a combination of the two

Delirium may have the following signs and symptoms:

  • Reduced awareness
  • Decreased concentration
  • Poor thinking skills or cognitive impairment
  • Poor memory
  • Disorientation
  • Difficulty in speaking or recalling words
  • Rambling or nonsense speech
  • Trouble in comprehending
  • Behavior changes
  • Difficulty in sleeping
  • Emotional disturbances

Diagnosis & Medications

DIAGNOSIS

The doctor will base your diagnosis on medical history, physical examination and tests that will assess mental status. This includes neurological exams and mental health assessments. Tests may be requested which may include the following:

  • Blood tests
  • Urine tests
  • Brain imaging tests

 

TREATMENT

The primary objective of treatment for delirium is to address any hidden causes or triggers, such as halting use of a specific drug, treating metabolic problems or treating infections. Treatment at that point centers on giving room for the brain and the body to heal.

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