CAVUS FOOT

TYPES

Cavus foot can be classified into different types based on the underlying cause or associated conditions. Here are some common types of cavus foot:

• Congenital Cavus Foot: This type of cavus foot is present at birth and often associated with neurological conditions such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a genetic disorder affecting the peripheral nerves.
• Acquired Cavus Foot: Acquired cavus foot develops later in life and can be caused by various factors, including nerve injuries, muscle imbalances, or skeletal abnormalities.
• Neurological Cavus Foot: This type of cavus foot is primarily caused by neurological conditions or disorders, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, stroke, spinal cord injury, or polio.
• Idiopathic Cavus Foot: Idiopathic cavus foot refers to cases where the exact cause of the high arch is unknown. It may not be associated with any specific neurological or musculoskeletal conditions.
• Compensatory Cavus Foot: Compensatory cavus foot occurs when the foot develops a high arch as a compensatory mechanism to an underlying leg length discrepancy or deformity in the other foot.

It is important to note that the treatment and management of cavus foot may vary depending on the underlying cause or associated conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific type of cavus foot.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of cavus foot can vary from person to person, but here are some common symptoms associated with this condition:

• High arch: The most prominent symptom of cavus foot is a visibly high arch. The arch appears more curved and elevated than normal.
• Clawed toes: Cavus foot can cause the toes to become flexed downward, resembling a claw-like appearance. This can lead to discomfort and difficulty wearing certain types of shoes.
• Instability: The high arch in cavus foot can make the foot less stable, leading to balance problems. This can increase the risk of ankle sprains and falls.
• Foot pain: The abnormal foot mechanics in cavus foot can result in increased pressure on certain areas of the foot, leading to pain and discomfort. This pain may be exacerbated during walking or standing for prolonged periods.
• Calluses and corns: The high arch and abnormal foot mechanics can cause excessive pressure on specific areas of the foot, leading to the formation of calluses or corns. These are areas of thickened skin that can be painful or sensitive.

It’s important to note that the severity of symptoms can vary, and some individuals may experience more pronounced symptoms than others. If you suspect you have cavus foot or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist, for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosing cavus foot typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist. Here are some common methods used in the diagnosis of cavus foot:

• Medical History: The healthcare professional will start by taking a detailed medical history, including any symptoms you may be experiencing, the duration of symptoms, and any relevant family history. They will also inquire about any previous injuries or surgeries that may be contributing to the high arch.
• Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination of the foot will be conducted to assess the structure and alignment. This may involve observing the foot while standing, assessing range of motion, muscle strength, and examining the skin for any signs of calluses or corns.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays may be ordered to evaluate the bones and joints of the foot. This can help identify any structural abnormalities or underlying conditions that may be causing the high arch. In some cases, additional imaging tests like MRI or CT scan may be recommended to provide more detailed information.
• Nerve Function Assessment: Since cavus foot can be associated with neurological conditions, a nerve function assessment may be performed to evaluate the function of the peripheral nerves. This can involve tests such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies.
• Gait Analysis: Gait analysis involves observing how you walk to assess any abnormalities in your gait pattern. This can provide valuable information about the impact of cavus foot on your walking mechanics and help guide treatment decisions.

Based on the findings from these diagnostic methods, the healthcare professional will be able to determine if you have cavus foot and identify any underlying causes or associated conditions. This will help guide the development of a tailored treatment plan to address your specific needs and alleviate any symptoms or functional limitations you may be experiencing.

TREATMENT

The treatment for cavus foot aims to address the underlying causes, alleviate symptoms, improve foot function, and prevent complications. Here are some common treatment options for cavus foot:

• Orthotic Devices: Custom orthotic devices, such as arch supports or shoe inserts, can help provide stability, cushioning, and support to the foot. They are designed to redistribute pressure, improve alignment, and reduce pain or discomfort associated with cavus foot.
• Footwear Modifications: Wearing properly fitted shoes with adequate arch support and cushioning can help improve foot alignment and reduce symptoms. In some cases, custom-made shoes or modifications to existing footwear may be necessary to accommodate the high arch and provide optimal support.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of cavus foot. Specific exercises and stretches can help strengthen the muscles of the foot and lower leg, improve flexibility, and correct any muscle imbalances. Physical therapy can also focus on improving balance and stability, as well as addressing any gait abnormalities.
• Bracing: In more severe cases of cavus foot, bracing may be recommended to provide additional support and stability. Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly used to help control the foot position and prevent excessive inward rolling or instability.
• Surgical Intervention: In certain situations where conservative treatments are not effective or if there are underlying structural abnormalities, surgery may be considered. Surgical procedures can involve tendon transfers, soft tissue releases, osteotomies (bone cuts), or fusion of joints to correct foot alignment, reduce pain, and improve function.

It is important to note that the specific treatment approach will depend on the individual’s symptoms, underlying causes, and overall health. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a podiatrist or orthopedic specialist, to receive a proper diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan for cavus foot.