C1-INH (C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protein in the fluid part of one’s blood. It regulates C1, a protein that is part of the complement system.
Blood plasma and cell surfaces contain about 60 proteins from the complement system. Complementary proteins help your immune system fight diseases. They also help in the removal of foreign substances and dead cells. Nine major complement proteins exist. They are labeled from C1 through C9. Occasionally, individuals may inherit a lack of certain complementary proteins.
In addition, your physician may request blood tests in order to evaluate the level of complement protein in your body. The C1 esterase inhibitor test, commonly known as the C1-INH test, is one of the tests that may be performed. Your physician may use the C1-INH test to establish whether or not you have enough levels of C1-INH.
Why Should the C1-INH Test Be Done?
You may need this test if you experience genetics or have angioedema symptoms. Low levels of C1-INH produce both types of angioedema.
Complement factors may also help diagnose autoimmune illnesses like systemic lupus erythematosus.
How Is the C1-INH Test Administered?
When getting ready for C1-INH testing, you won’t need to do anything out of the ordinary. A sample of the patient’s blood is all that is required.
A healthcare provider will use a needle to draw a sample of your blood. The blood will be collected in a tube and sent to a laboratory for examination. When your findings are ready, your doctor will explain them to you.
Normal Results
Normal value ranges may change across labs. Your doctor will also measure your C1 esterase inhibitor’s functional activity level. Consult with your doctor about the findings of your test.
What Do Abnormal Results Indicate?
Low C1-INH levels may lead to angioedema, which causes tongue, upper neck, and face swelling, trouble breathing, stomach discomfort, and intestine swelling.
Angioedema is classified into two types: hereditary angioedema, which affects young adults and kids under the age of 20, and acquired angioedema, which affects individuals over 40. People with angioedema are at a much higher risk of acquiring an autoimmune illness or cancer.
Risks
The C1-INH test poses few risks. The minimal risks associated with having blood drawn include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Feeling lightheaded or fainting
- Infection (a little risk whenever the skin is damaged)
- Excessive bleeding
- Hematoma (a buildup of blood under the skin)
