Pneumothorax is a condition characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can cause partial or complete collapse of the affected lung, leading to impaired breathing and potentially life-threatening complications. Pneumothorax can occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or underlying lung diseases. It is more common in tall, thin individuals, smokers, and those with certain medical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis.