DIAGNOSIS
A variety of tests are available to diagnose metastatic spinal tumors, such as a physical exam, blood tests and imaging. A physical examination will involve a thorough patient history and a review of patient physical and neurological symptoms. Usually, a biopsy is needed to perform a final diagnosis.
Metastatic Spine Tumor Imaging. Various imaging modalities are used to evaluate patients with spinal tumors. Images are used to find tumor locations and size.
X-Ray. When a spinal fracture is suspected, X-ray will be used to identify and evaluate it. But, X-rays can only image bones and not soft tissues including a new tumor growth, further imaging using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also part of the process.
Computed Tomography (CT scan). CT is frequently replacing X-ray for first-line imaging, as it clearly distinguishes bone from soft tissue (such as a tumor). A CT scan makes use of special X-ray equipment and computer software to improve images.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scan). MRI is the most effective imaging method for visualizing spine tumors. It offers accurate information regarding the soft tissues and bony structures of the spine using magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to create images. Due to the magnetic energy, if patients have some types of metal implants or other devices (like a pacemaker), they cannot have a CT scan or an MRI instead.
TREATMENT
One or more of the below mentioned therapies may be used to treat the tumor or help relieve symptoms.
Corticosteroids: These drugs (like dexamethasone) may be prescribed to reduce swelling if a spinal tumor is pressing against the spinal cord. These tumors are treated immediately with surgery.
Surgery: Surgery can be used to remove some spinal tumors. Radiation therapy will be used to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be used alone or after a surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Stereotactic radiosurgery is an advanced type of treatment that involves radiation exactly on the spinal tumor, causing minimal impact to healthy tissue.
Chemotherapy: Drugs may be taken orally or by injection. They may be given alone or with other treatments.
Targeted therapies: These therapies are involved in fighting some kinds of spinal tumors. They attack cancer cells with the help of small molecules to block pathways that cells use to live and replicate.
Proton therapy: Proton therapy allows the delivery of high radiation doses directly to the tumor site, with no damage to adjacent healthy tissue. For certain patients, this therapy offers better cancer control with less effect on the body.