POST-TRAUMATIC HEADACHE (PTH)

Common post-traumatic headache types include:

• Tension headaches due to muscle tension or spasms and stress
• Migraine headaches due to a sensitive area in the brain that triggers a pain signal
• Cervicogenic headaches due to injury to the muscles and soft tissues
• Rebound headaches from medications used to treat headaches

The headache may also include psychiatric, behavioral, or social factors.

A post-traumatic headache may occur right after the injury or as the injury is healing. Symptoms may include:

• Head pain—symptoms depend on the cause of the headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Light and sound sensitivity
• Visual problems such as seeing spots or bright lights
• Pain that occurs at the end of the day
• Pain that starts in the neck, shoulders, and back of the head
• Pain with neck movement
• Lightheadedness
• Difficulty sleeping
• Problems concentrating
• Mood and personality changes

DIAGNOSIS

You will be asked about your symptoms, medical history, and any recent injuries. A physical exam will be done. The diagnosis is based on the exam and history.

Images may be taken of your brain, head, and neck to look for signs of injury. This can be done with:

• CT scan
• MRI scan

MEDICATIONS/TREATMENT

Medication options may include:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and naproxen
• Over-the-counter medications for migraines
• Prescription pain medication
• Muscle relaxants
• Anti-anxiety medication—rarely

Other treatments:

• Rest
• Ice and massage
• Stress-reduction techniques