OOPHORECTOMY

TYPES 

Total removal is removal of the cervix and uterus

• Incomplete or subtotal removal- A surgical procedure that removes the uterus and the cervix is left behind. 
• Hysterectomy with sapingo-oophorectomy (bilateral or both ovaries are removed)- Removal of the uterus fallopian tubes and both ovaries are removed. It is usually done among patients that suffer from on and off the pain in the pelvic area and severe pain during menses.
• Complete Hysterectomy- Removal of all of the female reproductive organ that includes the uterus, anterior part of the vagina, fallopian tubes, both ovaries, suspensory ligament of the pelvis and the surrounding nodes. It is commonly done among person or persons with a strong family history of malignancy.
• Hysterectomy with preventive bilateral salpingectomy- a procedure that involves the removal of the fallopian tubes for individuals with a high risk for development of ovarian or tubal cancers.

SYMPTOMS

Oophorectomy is done when after a thorough history and ancillary procedure proves that any of the following are present: 

• Myoma or Fibroids- These are non-malignant transformations or growth of the uterine muscles resulting to painful monthly periods and a palpable mass in the abdomen that can sometimes become disfiguring especially among individuals with a small body build.
• Profuse menses- Heavy flow of menstruation which is sometimes seen among females with hormonal imbalances or in individuals within their period of perimenopause. This condition can sometimes be an early signal for severe disease in the later years.
• Pain during periods- Some women in their reproductive age experience fainting spells with cold and clammy extremities while having their period. More commonly known as dysmenorrhea. Having this episode quite too often alerts the OB-Gyne specialist to suspect beginning cervical cancer, lesions in the uterus or the fallopian tubes.
• Endometriosis– This refers to the presence of cells usually lining the endometrium on other parts of the abdomen such as the external surface of the uterus, ovaries and the abdominal cavity.
• Uterine prolapse- This occurs among women who have given birth to more than thrice. Results from the weakness of the suspensory ligaments that hold the female reproductive system in place
• Inflammation of the pelvic organs- results from recurrent sexually transmitted infections that cause scarring and deformity of the pelvic structures.

DIAGNOSIS

Undergoing hysterectomy is a life-changing decision, especially for women of childbearing age. Diagnosis of the conditions needing hysterectomy can be made with any of the following: 

• Pelvic Examination– Your obstetrician-gynecologist, a doctor specializing in the field of the reproduction, will do an internal examination to note for the presence or absence of any masses that may have caused your bleeding. 
• Ultrasonography (transvaginal or pelvic ultrasound)
• CT scan of the pelvic area

TREATMENT

Any of the procedures, as mentioned above in the subtitle Types, are a treatment option for hysterectomy.