MOYAMOYA DISEASE

Overview and Facts

Moyamoya disease is an uncommon vascular (blood vessel) condition at which the carotid artery—the major blood vessel in the skull—becomes narrowed or blocked, decreasing blood circulation in the brain. Small arteries then form at the center of the brain, intending to provide blood in the brain.

This condition might result from a ministroke, bleeding in the brain, or stroke. It could also influence how well the brain works and cause developmental and cognitive disorders or delays. 

Furthermore, moyamoya disease often affects children, yet adults still might develop this condition. The possible cause of moyamoya disease is mostly due to specific genetic factors.

Types and Symptoms

SYMPTOMS

Moyamoya disease might happen at any age. Even so, its symptoms most frequently transpire in 5 to 10-year-old children and 30 to 50-year-old adults. 

The disease results in various symptoms in children and adults. In children, the first sign is usually a recurrent transient ischemic or stroke. Adults might also experience these signs, along with hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain) from the abnormal brain arteries. 

Moreover, discovering the symptoms as early as possible is essential to prevent any severe complications, including stroke. 

Other symptoms of this disease include:

  • Seizures
  • Headaches
  • Involuntary movements
  • Developmental and cognitive delays
  • Visual disturbances
  • Trouble understanding others or speaking
  • Numbness, weakness, and paralysis in your arm, face, or leg

These signs and symptoms could be triggered by crying, straining, exercise, coughing, or fever.

Diagnosis & Medications

DIAGNOSIS

Moyamoya disease is commonly diagnosed by a neurologist, or a doctor specializing in the brain and nervous system. During your check-up, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and do a physical exam. Also, various tests are required to diagnose moyamoya disease correctly and if any underlying health conditions are causing the symptoms. 

These tests include:

  • CT Scan
  • MRI
  • Cerebral angiogram
  • Positron emission tomography
  • Electroencephalogram
  • Transcranial doppler ultrasound

If needed, the doctor might request other tests to determine other conditions.

TREATMENT

In treating moyamoya disease, the doctors will assess your condition and figure out the most suitable treatment for you. The treatment does not totally heal moyamoya disease, yet it can effectively prevent serious problems, like stroke. These treatments include:

  • Medications, such a calcium channel blockers, blood thinners, and anti-seizure drugs
  • Surgery 
  • Therapy

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