CYSTIC HYGROMA

A cystic hygroma is a rare form of cyst which can develop in infants, typically in the neck or head, if their lymphatic system becomes clogged while they are growing. Doctors frequently discover cystic hygromas prior to the birth of a baby.

A chromosomal abnormality affects nearly half of all fetuses with cystic hygroma. Chromosomes are the cells that contain our DNA, and when significant portions of them are seriously lacking or damaged, severe medical problems can arise. If the cystic hygroma disappears by week 20, your baby is less likely to have a genetic defect.

These cysts are frequently able to disappear on their own. If not, it should be removed surgically. As a result, it will not damage nearby organs, become infected, or cause discomfort to your baby as they grow.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of cystic hygroma vary depending on where and how large it is. The growth could make it difficult for adjacent organs and other body parts to function properly.

Among the possible symptoms are:

  • A soft bulge beneath the skin with a blue tint.
  • Fluid-filled sacs
  • Unable to breathe or feed due to breathing problems.
  • Bone and teeth defects
  • Obstructive sleep apnea

In extremely rare cases, hygromas may bleed or become contagious.

DIAGNOSIS

Cystic hygromas are typically diagnosed while the fetus is still in the womb, usually throughout a regular ultrasound test.

Doctors may also identify it during a blood test between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation. A rise in alpha-fetoprotein levels in the blood may indicate hygroma.

Doctors will need more data to decide the location and size. They will want to understand the extent and severity of the expansion and any hindrances that signify breathing difficulties.

Doctors may perform additional tests, such as:

  • Transvaginal ultrasound
  • Fast spin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Amniocentesis

TREATMENT

If cystic hygroma is not causing any problems, it may not require treatment. However, if it causes complications, you may need the following treatment:

A doctor may suggest surgery to remove the cystic hygroma, but this is usually delayed until the child is older. 

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