CHLOROBENZYLIDENEMALONONITRILE (CS)

Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) is vital in tear gas, most often utilized as a riot control agent. At ambient temperature, CS gas is a strong substance consisting of 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile and a volatile solvent. It’s also commonly blended with a pyrotechnic compound and dispersed as light particles in grenade launchers or canisters to produce distinctive smoke. This gas is widely regarded as non-lethal.

Although chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) is a more potent aggravating factor that provokes burning pain in the respiratory system and abnormal eye closure, its impacts wear off faster after only five to ten minutes of breathing in clean air. Meanwhile, prolonged exposure to chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile results in more severe conditions for people exposed to it.

SYMPTOMS

The following symptoms you might experience after exposure to chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) include:

Skin

  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Rash
  • Burns

Eyes

  • Blurred vision
  • Watering
  • Pain

Oral

  • Extreme salivation
  • Ulceration
  • Pain

Throat 

  • Pain
  • Burning
  • Irritation

Respiratory

  • Exacerbation of asthma
  • Wheeze
  • Cough
  • Chest tightness
  • Shortness of breath

Gastrointestinal

  • Rash
  • Eczema
  • Skin peeling
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Retching
  • Dysphagia

Secondary exposure may happen when individuals or things infected with chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) gas come into contact with others, particularly medical practitioners and law enforcement. Also, prolonged exposure could result in sensitization.

DIAGNOSIS

Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) has a high solubility in many solvents. Pulmonary function examinations are carried out if there is interaction with mucosal membranes. A trained allergist may also diagnose skin allergies. Additional tests you should have after being exposed to chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) include:

  • Lung function examinations
  • Chest X-ray
  • Eyes examination

TREATMENT

The degree of clinical signs determines how chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) exposure is treated. Most people recuperate entirely within minutes of removing the chemical and will not need medical intervention. Eliminating infected clothes ought to be the initial order of treatment for individuals who need a medical examination, with specific emphasis paid to minimize subsequent exposure by employing protective gear and not putting a polluted person in a restricted place.

Several doctors have advocated profuse ocular irrigation with saline solution, which may induce an initial acute rise in visual discomfort in certain situations. A detailed slit-lamp examination of the anterior part of the eye, particularly an assessment beneath the lids, must be performed for chronic ocular pain.

Moreover, blistering and burning skin irritation may be managed with irrigation, especially with an alkaline solution rather than sodium hypochlorite or regular home bleach. Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids may successfully treat skin irritation. Dermatitis caused by chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) exposure usually cures within several days.

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