CETUXIMAB

COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Erbitux

GENERIC NAME(S): CETUXIMAB
Description: Cetuximab is a recombinant human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody. It binds specifically to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thus competitively inhibiting the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and other ligands. It slows down or stops the division of cells.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: Steady-state concentrations are reached after about 3 wk.

Excretion: Mean elimination half-life: About 112 hr.

Uses

Cetuximab, a man-made protein (monoclonal antibody), treats a certain type of cancer of the colon (large intestine) or rectum, head, neck and kidney that has spread to other parts of the body. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

How to use cetuximab intravenous

Cetuximab is given by injection into a vein usually once a week by a healthcare professional. Another drug (e.g., diphenhydramine) may be given before you receive cetuximab to lessen the chance of certain side effects. The first dose (loading dose) is larger and is given over 2 hours. All other doses (maintenance doses) are smaller and are given over 1 hour if tolerated. The dosage is based on your medical condition, body size, and response to treatment.

A healthcare professional should watch you for at least 1 hour after your infusion is finished to make sure you do not have an infusion reaction. (See Warning section). If you experience a severe infusion reaction, your infusion will be stopped and your doctor may decide to stop further treatments.

Warnings

Severe (sometimes fatal) reactions have occurred in people while receiving cetuximab. Your risk may be higher if you have a history of tick bites or have a severe allergic reaction to meat (such as beef, pork).

Rare deaths due to heart problems (cardiopulmonary arrest) or sudden death have occurred in people with head and neck cancer treated with cetuximab.

Side Effects

Notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly if these effects persist or worsen:

Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
Diarrhea
Headache
Stomachache
Backache
fever/chills
trouble sleeping
weight loss
fatigue
drowsiness
eye redness/itching
nail changes
dry skin
mouth/throat sores

An acne-like rash may occur.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur:

Confusion
Depression
swelling of hands/feet/lower legs
dehydration
serious infection (e.g., high fever, chills, persistent sore throat)
change in amount of urine
decreased vision
severe dizziness
fast/slow/irregular heartbeat
severe muscle spasms

Rarely, very serious lung problems may occur.

A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Precautions

Precautions

Consult your doctor regarding these precautions:

Allergic reaction to this medication.
Patients with medical history of:

lung disease
radiation therapy
tick bites
heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias)

Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.
Avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps during treatment and for 2 months after your last treatment with cetuximab. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.
This medication is not recommended for use during pregnancy.
Breast-feeding is not recommended while using cetuximab and for 2 months after the end of treatment.

Interactions

Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use.

Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.

Overdose & Brands

Overdose

If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately.

Notes

Medical tests and regular physical exams should be performed to check for side effects. Laboratory tests should be performed before giving cetuximab to check for the EGFR protein on your tumor. Certain laboratory tests (e.g., calcium, magnesium, potassium levels) will be performed from time to time while you are being treated with cetuximab and up to 8 weeks after your last infusion. Consult your doctor for more details. Keep all scheduled medical appointments.

Missed Dose

It is important that you receive cetuximab as scheduled by your doctor. If you miss a dose, contact your doctor immediately to obtain a new dosing schedule.

Storage

Not applicable. This medication is given in a hospital or clinic and will not be stored at home.

Brands:

Available Brands

Erbitux [ Merck ]