BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS

BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS

When DNA in breast cells change or mutate, it disables specific functions that control cell growth and division, thus causing breast cancer. Most of the time, the immune system attacks these mutated cells or these cells eventually die off. However, some can evade the immune system and can grow unnoticed, eventually forming a breast tumor.

Though the roots of breast cancer may be unknown, a person may unknowingly be having risk factors associated with the disease which includes excessive alcohol consumption and obesity. Inherited mutations on the BRCA1 And BRCA2 genes also put individuals at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

Breast cancer can be a devastating disease for women, and in some cases, men. The trauma that you have to go through recalling that you have lost your breast because of breast cancer is a serious blow to your self-esteem and confidence. However, most survivors do away with the labels and learn to live a full life knowing that they have breast cancer.

Known breast cancer risk factors include:

  • A sedentary lifestyle
  • Aging
  • Birth control pills
  • Certain breast changes
  • Combined post-menopausal hormone therapy (PHT)
  • Diethylstilbestrol exposure (DES)
  • Family history
  • Gender
  • Genetics
  • Heavy drinking
  • High breast density
  • Menstrual history
  • Not having children:
  • Obesity
  • Radiation exposure

TYPES

  • Ductal carcinoma in situ
  • Invasive ductal carcinoma
  • Invasive lobular carcinoma

Specific cells affected in the breast determine the type of breast cancer you have. Carcinomas are the most common type of breast cancer

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of breast cancer may include the following:

  • A lump or mass in the breast
  • Breast or nipple pain
  • Nipple discharge
  • Nipple retraction (turning inward)
  • Skin irritation or dimpling
  • Swelling of all or part of the breast, even if no lump is felt
  • The nipple or breast skin appears red, scaly, or thickened

DIAGNOSIS

Your doctor will ask you about your medical history and perform a physical examination. He or she may order the following diagnostics to confirm your diagnosis:

  • Breast exam
  • Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Breast ultrasound
  • Mammogram
  • Removing a sample of breast cells for testing (biopsy)

TREATMENT

Based on the type of your breast cancer, size, sensitivity to hormones, and its stage and grade, your doctor will determine what treatment option is best for you. He or she will also consider your preferences and overall health.

Options for breast cancer treatment include:

  • Breast cancer surgery
  • Chemotherapy
  • Hormone therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Palliative care
  • Radiation therapy

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