ANAPLASMOSIS

Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum. It is primarily transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of an infected tick, most commonly the black-legged tick (also known as the deer tick) in the United States. Anaplasmosis can affect both humans and animals, but it is primarily a disease of domestic and wild animals, such as cattle, horses, and deer.

Although tick exposure can happen at any time of the year, tick density is highest in the warmer months. Anaplasmosis is more common in certain regions of the United States, including the Northeast, Midwest, and Pacific Coast. Anaplasmosis is a reportable disease, meaning healthcare providers and laboratories are required to report cases to public health authorities.

SYMPTOMS

The symptoms of anaplasmosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual’s age and health status. However, some common symptoms include the following:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of appetite
  • Joint pain
  • Cough

Consult your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms.

DIAGNOSIS

Anaplasmosis can be diagnosed through laboratory tests that detect the presence of the bacteria or antibodies to the bacteria in the blood.

  • Blood Tests. Blood tests can be used to detect antibodies to the bacteria or to directly detect the presence of the bacteria in the blood. 
  • Medical History and Physical Examination. A healthcare provider may suspect anaplasmosis based on a patient’s symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. 
  • Differential Diagnosis. It’s crucial for healthcare professionals to think about other diagnoses and rule them out via laboratory tests.

TREATMENT

Anaplasmosis is treated with antibiotics, typically doxycycline, which is highly effective against the bacteria that cause the infection. The length of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s age and overall health status. However, treatment usually lasts for 7-14 days.

Patients who are unable to take doxycycline due to allergies or other medical conditions may be treated with alternative antibiotics such as rifampin or azithromycin.

Furthermore, anaplasmosis cannot be prevented by vaccination. So, make sure to prevent having bitten by ticks, ticks on your pets, and ticks in your yard to avoid getting sick.

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