Acne: Causes and Treatment

Acne is a common skin condition that causes spots and pimples on the face, shoulders, back, neck, chest, and upper arms. Acne has several types: whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, cysts, and nodules.

Acne commonly develops during puberty when the oil-producing sebaceous glands are activated; however, it can occur at any age. While not life-threatening, acne can leave unsightly skin scars.

Causes

• Acne develops when follicles get blocked, resulting in sebum buildup under the skin.
• A rise in androgen levels is thought to be the main cause of acne. Androgen is a hormone produced in both males and females.
• A type of bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) can also contribute to acne infection.
• Other possible acne triggers include:
  • genetics (runs in families),
  • some medications that contain androgen and lithium,
  • greasy cosmetics,
  • hormonal changes,
  • emotional stress, and
  • menstruation.

Treatment of mild acne

Acne treatment depends on the severity of the condition and how persistent it is.

Mild acne can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) medications that are applied to the skin (topical medications). These include medicated gels, soaps, pads, creams, and lotions. Creams and lotions are ideal for people with sensitive skin. Alcohol-based gels, which dry the skin, are better for those with oily skin.

OTC acne medications may contain:

• Resorcinol: helps break down blackheads and whiteheads
• Benzoyl peroxide: kills bacteria, hastens skin replacement, and slows sebum production
• Salicylic acid: helps break down blackheads and whiteheads, and helps reduce inflammation and swelling
• Sulfur: mechanism of action unknown
• Retin-A: helps unblock pores
• Azelaic acid: strengthens follicle cell lining, stops sebum eruptions, and reduces bacterial growth 

Treatment of moderate to severe acne

For the treatment of moderate to severe acne, consult a dermatologist. A skin specialist may prescribe any of the following treatments:

• Oral or topical antibiotics
• Oral contraceptives (for women)
• Isotretinoin
• Corticosteroid injection
• Lasers
• Chemical peels
• Acne surgery

Consult your dermatologist for more information on acne prevention and treatment.

Shop at Watsons for acne treatments and other essential healthcare needs.

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References:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/107146. Accessed 12 March 2022
https://www.pinebeltderm.com/acne-treatment-available-in-the-pine-belt. Accessed 12 March 2022