TYPES
Dwarfism is divided into two general classes:
Disproportionate dwarfism
If body size is unbalanced, some of the body are little, and others are of normal size or greater than the expected size. Problems causing this hinder the growth of bones.
Proportionate dwarfism
A body is proportionately little if all parts of the body are little to a similar degree and seem, by all accounts, to be proportioned like that of of normal stature. Problems at birth or showing up in childhood may hinder growth.
SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms depend on the disorder.
Disproportionate dwarfism
Many people with dwarfism have problems that cause disproportionate short stature. This implies that an individual has a normal-size trunk and short limbs, however a few people may have a short trunk and short appendages. In these conditions, the head is enormous contrasted to the body.
All individuals with disproportionate dwarfism have normal intelligence. Uncommon special cases are typically the aftereffect of a secondary factor, such as excess fluid around the brain or hydrocephalus.
The most widely recognized reason for dwarfism is achondroplasia, which causes disproportionate short stature. This may result to the following:
- An average-size trunk
- Short arms and legs
- Short fingers
- Limited movements at the elbows
- A disproportionately large head
- Progressive development of bowed legs
- Progressive development of swayed lower back
- An adult height around 4 feet (122 cm)
Another reason for disproportionate dwarfism is an uncommon issue called spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). Signs may include:
- A very short trunk
- A short neck
- Shortened arms and legs
- Average-size hands and feet
- Broad, rounded chest
- Slightly flattened cheekbones
- Opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate)
- Hip deformities that result in thighbones turning inward
- A foot that’s twisted or out of shape
- Instability of the neck bones
- Progressive hunching curvature of the upper spine
- Progressive development of swayed lower back
- Vision and hearing problems
- Arthritis and problems with joint movement
- Adult height ranging from 3 feet (91 cm) to just over 4 feet (122 cm)
- Proportionate dwarfism
Proportionate dwarfism results from problems present at birth or showing up in childhood that limit growth. So the head, trunk and limbs are altogether little, however they’re proportionate to one another. Since these disorders come from general development, a large number of them bring about poor development of at least one body system.
Deficiency of growth hormone is a generally basic reason for proportionate dwarfism. It happens when the pituitary gland does not create sufficient levels of growth hormone, which is basic for normal growth. Signs include:
- Height below the third percentile on standard pediatric growth charts
- Growth rate slower than expected for age
- Delayed or no sexual development during the teen years
